我们大致估算一下,锂电材料vs每度电池,电车的平均电池容量和电车普及率
- LCE就像原子弹中TNT当量,这个是锂矿产量/产能最常有的标准计量
- 每度(kWh)电池需要的LCE,有不同的说法,我们以0.85kg per kWh为准
- 0.9 kg LCE per kWh
- Goldman Sachs: What if I told you, 2015
- Local copy
- A typical cell phone uses 5-7 grams of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) in its battery. A TSLA model S with a 70kWh battery uses 63 kilograms – an equivalent content of more than 10,000 cell phones
- 0.85 kg LCE per kWH
- How Much Lithium is in a Li-Ion Vehicle Battery? (2017)
- The best estimate is around 160 g of Li metal in the battery per kWh of battery, or if you prefer, about 850 g of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) in the battery per kWh
- 0.7 kg LCE per kWh
- From LAC's September 2017 Presentation, page 10
- 每辆电车有多少度电池哪?60 kWh
- myev.com: 17.6 kWh (SmartEQ, 58 miles) to 100 kWh (Model S, 300 miles)
- ev-database.com: 60 kWh,这个网站特别好,各种EV list
- 综上所述,每辆电车需要51 kg LCE
- 国泰君安2019报告,page 3
- 2020E, 163kt LCE vs 3.48M EV = 46.8 kg LCE per EV
- 2021E, 207kt LCE vs 4.44M EV = 46.6 kg LCE per EV
- 简单估算,就是一吨LCE锂矿,可以满足20辆电车
- 这几年的锂矿supply and demand,还是根据上面的国泰君安2019报告,这里数据有些过时,因为过去两年,各个锂矿公司暂缓或者停止扩产项目,还有几个澳洲矿山停产
Demand
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LCE(kt) 2019 2020 2021 2022
EV 119 163 207 260
Consumer 85 92 98 104
Misc 106 111 117 122
TotDemand 310 366 421 486
TotSupply 421 540 628 653
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OverSupply 111 174 207 167
EV#(m) 2.7 3.5 4.4 5.6
- 整个oversupply不小啊,200kt相当于4M EV,几乎是double EV sales
- 有两个趋势可能会改变这个供大于求的矛盾
- 1)储能行业,这个也是锂电
- 2)固态电池,这个需要的锂用量double
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